C.Barnes Bristol Aircraft since 1910 (Putnam)

The Bristol-Coanda Two-seat Biplanes

   When the flying of monoplanes by pilots of the Military Wing, Royal Flying Corps, was banned in September 1912, the loss of the potential War Office market for the Coanda monoplane was partly mitigated by the award of a contract to build the officially designed B.E.2 biplane, which, although ineligible for the Military Aeroplane Competition, had performed rather better than the actual prizewinners. The fact that a biplane could match the monoplane's performance without sacrificing its advantages of strength and stiffness led Coanda to draft a Bristol biplane design, and by November enquiries for a long-range two-seater had come from both Spain and Germany. Coanda preferred the well-tried 80 h.p. Gnome engine, but the enquirers insisted on engines already in use in their own fleets; consequently the Spanish specified the 70 h.p. Renault because it was standardised for their Maurice Farmans, while the Deutsche Bristol-Werke were under government pressure to use the 90 h.p. Daimler-Mercedes. In November 1912, therefore, Coanda began the design of a two-seater biplane suitable for either the Renault or the Daimler-Mercedes. Early in 1913 a Spanish purchasing mission, led by Col. Pedro Vives-y-Vych, visited Filton and Larkhill, and five Renault-engined biplanes were ordered. Designated B.R.70 (later shortened to B.R.7) these were built alongside the first four B.E.2's, and the first B.R.7, No. 157, was finished in time to be shown at Olympia in February 1913, together with Coanda monoplane No. 153. No. 157 was flown at Larkhill in March, but was overloaded with wings of the normal section used on monoplanes. A more cambered profile had been specified for the Daimler-engined biplane, which was being built at Halberstadt, and a set of wings of this shape was tried out on the B.R.7 in April with better results, but still not good enough to meet the contract, so the Spanish government declined to accept delivery. Only seven B.R.7's were built and the second one, No. 158, was tried out with a four-bladed airscrew, without improvement, and a special two-blader with very pointed tips was also made to Coanda's design. On 26 May 1913, Pizey, with his mechanic Fellows as passenger, was flying No. 158 when the carburettor caught fire. He was able to land promptly and both occupants jumped out immediately after touching down, but the B.R.7 was totally destroyed in a few minutes. After this No. 157 remained at Larkhill as an advanced trainer, but the rest of the batch, Nos. 160-163, were rarely flown, although No. 163 was tested with a plain two-wheeled Vee landing gear. A final B.R.7, No. 178, was built in December 1913 with increased span, but never left Filton works.
   In Germany, the Daimler-engined biplane underwent considerable modification and finally emerged with extended upper wings having large inversely tapered ailerons, also a supplementary rudder below the stern which nearly doubled the vertical surface area of the tail. This was test-flown by Henri Jullerot in July and August during his term as instructor-in-charge at the Halberstadt school.

Model B.R.7 Daimler
Power Plant 70 hp 90 hp
   Renault Daimler
Span 38 ft 57 ft
Length 27 ft 5 in 27 ft 5 in
Wing Area 440 sq ft 570 sq ft
Empty Weight 946 lb 1200 lb
All-up Weight 1826 lb 2100 lb
Speed 63 mph 65 mph
Duration 5 hours 5 hours
Accommodation 2 2
Production 7 1
Sequence Nos. 157, 158 (1 in
   160-163 Germany)
   178

H.King Armament of British Aircraft (Putnam)

Bristol-Coanda Biplanes. Of such exceptional interest and significance were the bomb and bombsight installations, developed for the Bristol-Coanda biplane exhibited in the Paris Salon of December 1913, that they will be described at length in Volume 2 as historic departures. Original Coanda drawings will be reproduced, together with a page of calculations which influenced the design of the sight. It must be recorded here that an aircraft of similar type, but having a simple bomb-carrier, was delivered to Rumania a few weeks before the show mentioned, and that even earlier yet another Bristol-Coanda biplane was photographed at Larkhill with a mechanic holding a bomb. One RNAS machine of the type was apparently a 'gun-carrier'.

M.Goodall, A.Tagg British Aircraft before the Great War (Schiffer)

P.Lewis British Aircraft 1809-1914 (Putnam)

Bristol B.R.7

   In view of the opposition to the monoplane by the Royal Flying Corps, the British and Colonial Aeroplane Company was reluctantly compelled to concentrate its production on biplanes.
   Some six months after the monoplane ban, the B.R.7 Biplane appeared and was displayed at the 1913 Olympia Aero Show. Basically, it consisted of the Coanda Military Monoplane's fuselage, undercarriage and tail unit, which had been fitted with two-bay unstaggered biplane wings. A refinement on the undercarriage was the installation of wheel brakes. Warping was used for lateral control, and the eight-cylinder vee Renault engine of 70 h.p. was fully enclosed apart from cooling vents at the front and sides. This engine was chosen at the request of the Spanish Government, who already used it in their Maurice Farman Biplanes, but, in the final event, the B.R.7 was not sold to Spain but remained at the Company's flying-school at Larkhill, seven being constructed with works numbers 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163 and 178.

SPECIFICATION

   Description. Two-seat tractor training biplane. Wooden structure, fabric covered.
   Manufacturers: The British and Colonial Aeroplane Co. Ltd., Filton, Bristol.
   Power Plant: 70 h.p. Renault.
   Dimensions: Span, 38 ft. Length, 27 ft. 5 ins. Wing area, 440 sq. ft. Weights: Empty, 946 lb. Loaded, 1,826 lb.
   Performance: Maximum speed, 63 m.p.h. Landing speed, 33 m.p.h. Climb, 1,000 ft. in 4 mins.
   Price: ?1,800.

Журнал Flight

Flight, February 8, 1913.

WHAT THERE WILL BE TO SEE AT OLYMPIA.

THE MACHINES.

The British and Colonial Aeroplane Co., Ltd.

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   The 70-h.p. Renault-engined tractor biplane that the Bristol firm will be showing will be of a new type. Designed by the firm's well-known engineer, Mr. Henri Coanda, who also prepared the drawings of the monoplane we have just briefly described, this biplane will have many features in common with that machine. Thus, its fuselage will be practically identical with that of the monoplane, its landing gear will be of similar design, and the same method of wing construction will be noticeable in the assembly of its planes. The motor, mounted in front, will be almost entirely covered in by an aluminium shield, and will drive a two-bladed Bristol propeller 2.6 metres in diameter. The control will be the same as that employed on the monoplane, the elevator and wing warping being operated by a vertical wheel mounted on an inverted U-shaped bridge. The dimensions of this biplane will be: overall length, 27.5 ft.; span, 38 ft.; chord, 6 ft.; area, 440 sq. ft.; weight, light, 946 lbs.; total useful load, 880 lbs.; speed, 62.5 m.p.h.