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Nieuport Nieuport-28

Страна: Франция

Год: 1917

Истребитель

Nieuport - Nieuport-17bis/24/27 - 1917 - Франция<– –>Nieuport - Madon - 1918 - Франция


В.Кондратьев Самолеты первой мировой войны


"НЬЮПОР-28"

   Цельнодеревянный одностоечный биплан с полотняной обшивкой. Двигатель - ротативный "Гном-моносупап" 9N мощностью 160 л.с. Вооружение - два синхронных "виккерса".
   К началу 1917 года конструкторы фирмы "Ньюпор" решили, что полуторапланная схема с V-образными стойками не может обеспечить необходимой жесткости коробки крыльев при установке на самолет более мощного мотора и соответствующем росте летных характеристик. Поэтому очередная модификация истребителя "Ньюпор" была разработана по обычной бипланной схеме с двухлонжеронным нижним крылом и сдвоенными параллельными стойками. Вооружение - два синхропулемета "Виккерс".
   Новый истребитель, получивший обозначение "Ньюпор-28" внешне довольно сильно отличался от своих предшественников. Первый полет прототипа этой машины состоялся 14 июня 1917 года. Самолет показал высокую максимальную скорость и был запущен в серийное производство. Однако вскоре выяснилось, что установленный на нем двигатель слишком капризен и ненадежен, а конструкция машины, несмотря на значительный вес, обладает недостаточным запасом прочности. В частности, неоднократно наблюдались случаи срыва обшивки с плоскостей при резких маневрах и на пикировании, что порой приводило к катастрофам. По скороподъемности и потолку "Ньюпор-28" оказался даже хуже предыдущих модификаций с менее мощными моторами.
   В результате французские ВВС отказались принимать машину на вооружение, а ее серийный выпуск был прекращен уже осенью 1917 года после постройки немногим более 300 экземпляров.
   В начале следующего года 297 "ньюпоров-28" передали в ВВС американского экспедиционного корпуса. США тогда еще не имели собственных боевых самолетов, и американским летчикам приходилось летать на том, что им предоставят французы. Далеко не всегда это была первоклассная техника.
"Ньюпорами" вооружили 27-й, 94-й, 95-й и 147-й дивизионы AEF. С марта по июнь они воевали во Франции, неся при этом большие потери. Их самолеты уступали по большинству показателей новому германскому истребителю "Фоккер" D.VII. Всего за полтора месяца на "ньюпорах-28" погибло в боях 36 американских пилотов.
   Начиная с июля американские авиачасти стали перевооружать на гораздо более удачные "спады" S XIII. В дальнейшем "двадцать восьмые" использовались только в учебных целях. В 1919 году примерно 50 переживших войну аэропланов этого типа отправили в США и там распродали частным владельцам. Некоторые из них в 20-е годы использовались при съемках кинофильмов.
   В западных авиационных изданиях иногда встречаются упоминания о том, что некоторое количество "ньюпоров-28" попало в Россию и использовалось в гражданской войне, но эта информация не соотвтствует действительности.
  


А.Шепс Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты


"Ньюпор-28 C1" 1918 г.

   Появление и широкое распространение истребителей SPAD S.VII C1 и S.XIII C1, имевших лучшие данные, чем полуторапланы "Ньюпор", привело к тому, что инженеры этой фирмы пришли к выводу о необходимости радикального улучшения уже отработанной конструкции. Двигательная установка должна была остаться прежней - моторы "Гном" (110-130 л. с.). были закуплены для предыдущих моделей. Новая машина "Ньюпор-28 C1" значительно отличалась от предшественников. Это касалось как схемы, так и конструкции. Фюзеляж имел монококовую конструкцию, овальное сечение и тщательно выполненное сопряжение с капотом двигателя. Нижнее крыло имело гораздо большую площадь и стало горизонтальным без поперечного V. Крылья имели эллиптические законцовки и более толстый профиль. Стойки бипланной коробки стали параллельными, а не V-образными. Исчезла небольшая стреловидность крыльев, характерная для всех машин типа "Бебе".
   Изменилась и конструкция оперения. Стабилизатор и рули получили новую форму. Стабилизатор регулировался на земле, вертикальное оперение имело небольшой киль, а руль поворота - роговую компенсацию.
   Меньшее изменение претерпело шасси. Вооружение было усилено и состояло из двух синхронных "Виккерсов", иногда ставились и три пулемета. Конструкционные материалы остались теми же: дерево, полотно, в меньшей степени металл. Качество исполнения возросло.
   Несмотря на почти вдвое менее мощный двигатель, "Ньюпоры-28" ненамного уступали в скорости истребителям SPAD, а по маневренности превосходили их. Машина пошла в серию и строилась до конца войны. Из 297 выпущенных машин 50 передали Американскому экспедиционному корпусу, и в 1918 году на них летали асы знаменитой 94-й эскадрильи.
   За годы войны фирма "Ньюпор" построила более 7200 машин от "Ньюпор-11" до "Ньюпор-28 C1". Более 700 машин, начиная с "Ньюпор-10" и кончая "Ньюпор-24", были построены в России. 850 самолетов "Ньюпор-10", "Ньюпор-12" и "Ньюпор-17" построены в Италии фирмой "Ньюпор-Макки".
   В 1917 году японская фирма "Токороса" приобрела лицензию на выпуск "Ньюпор-24", и до 1919 года он строился под маркой Ko.3.
   Кроме Франции и России эти машины закупали британские, бельгийские, итальянские вооруженные силы. После войны "ньюпоры" попали почти во все страны Европы и эксплуатировались до середины 1920-х годов. Именно эти машины составляли основу истребительной авиации Красной армии в годы Гражданской войны.
   В конце войны в воздух поднялся "Ньюпор-31 C1", но война закончилась, потребность в самолетах резко уменьшилась, и на вооружении остались более скоростные SPADы.

  
ЛЕТНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
  
   Ньюпор-28 С1 Ньюпор-31 С1
   1918г. 1918г.
   Размах, м 8,20/7,76
   Длина, м 6,20 6,6
   Высота, м 2,35 2,4
   Площадь крыла, кв.м 20,0 17,62
   Сухой вес, кг 532
   Взлетный вес, кг 838 720
   Двигатель: "Гном" "Рон"
   мощность, л. с. 150 180
   Скорость максимальная, км/ч 196 196
   Скорость подъема на высоту
   2000 м, мин.сек 6,2
   Дальность полета, км 350
   Потолок, м 5200 5750
   Экипаж, чел. 1 1
   Вооружение 2 пулемета 2 пулемета


G.Swanborough, P.Bowers United States Military Aircraft Since 1909 (Putnam)


NIEUPORT 28C-1

   The first fighter to see action with the A.E.F. was the two-gun Nieuport 28, powered by the 160-h.p. Gnome rotary engine. The A.E.F. obtained 298 Model 28s straight from the factory, and 94th and 95th pursuit squadrons were the first to be equipped. The first A.E.F. victories were scored in Nieuports on April 14, 1918, and Douglas Campbell became the first American ace while flying this type. Several Nieuports went to the U.S. after the war.
   Span, 26 ft. 3 in.; length, 20 ft. 4 in.; wing area, 215 sq. ft.; empty weight, 1,172 lb.; gross weight, 1,625 lb.; high speed, 122 m.p.h.


G.Swanborough, P.Bowers United States Navy Aircraft Since 1911 (Putnam)


NIEUPORT 28

Although a fighter of French manufacture and widely used by the AEF, the Nieuport 28 was not used by US Naval forces in France during World War 1. Twelve were obtained in August 1919, however, from the supply that the Army had brought back to the US, and assigned serials A5794-A5805. These were assigned to the fleet and flew from platforms built over the forward turrets of battleships, eight of which were so equipped. Flotation bags were fitted, along with hydrovanes to prevent nosing over in case of a landing at sea. Power plant was a 160 hp Gnome. Span, 26 ft 3 in; gross weight, 1,625 lb; max speed, 122 mph.


W.Green, G.Swanborough The Complete Book of Fighters


NIEUPORT 28 France

   Marking the final abandonment by Gustave Delage of the Vee-strutted sesquiplane configuration, the Nie 28 was an elegant fighter of conventional biplane configuration with parallel interplane struts. Powered by a 150 hp Gnome Monosoupape 9N rotary, the Nie 28 was initially fitted with a single 7,7-mm Vickers gun. A prototype was flying in June 1917 with pronounced dihedral on the upper wing, an abbreviated cabane and no dihedral on the lower wing. At least one other aircraft was flown with this configuration. The upper wing arrangement proved unsuccessful, and, in mid-October, the aircraft was tested with a raised upper wing from which dihedral was eliminated. This
arrangement was, in turn, superseded a month later by a compromise which retained the wing position but adopted 1.5 deg dihedral for the upper wing, and this was standardised for production. The single-gun armament was deemed inadequate and a second Vickers gun was attached to the fuselage portside. The Nie 28 was not adopted by France’s Aviation Militaire, but it was acquired for the American Expeditionary Force, which received 297 from March 1918. Unpopular for its tendency to shed its wing fabric at high speeds or during high-g manoeuvres, the Nie 28 was found to be no match for the Fokker D VII and was withdrawn after four months of unsatisfactory service. Twelve were acquired by the US Navy, 15 by Switzerland and a few by Greece.

Max speed, 123 mph (198 km/h) at 6,560 ft (2 000 m).
Time to 6,560 ft (2 000 m), 5.5 min.
Range, 248 mis (400 km).
Empty weight, 961 lb (436 kg).
Loaded weight, 1,539 lb (698 kg).
Span, 26 ft 9 1/4 in (8,16 m).
Length, 21 ft 0 in (6,40 m).
Height, 8 ft 2 1/2 in (2,50 m).
Wing area, 172.23 sq ft (16,00 m2).


NIEUPORT (Clerget 11E) France

   By 1 December 1917, Nieuport was flying the prototype of an enlarged development of the Nie 28 powered by a 200 hp Clerget 11E 11-cylinder rotary and carrying an armament of twin 7,7-mm Vickers guns. Compared with the Nie 28, this prototype had larger dimensions overall - the wing area being increased by 53.82 sq ft (5,00 m2) - wings rigged with appreciable dihedral and a cut-back wing centre section to improve the pilot's upward view. To what extent the development problems suffered by the Clerget 11E engine affected this prototype is not known, but the aircraft had been abandoned by 1 May 1918.

Max speed, 124 mph (200 km/h) at 13,125 ft (4 000 m).
Time to 13,125 ft (4 000 m), 12 min.
Endurance, 2.5 hrs.
Empty weight, 1,168 lb (530 kg).
Loaded weight, 1,874 lb (850 kg).
Wing area, 226.5 sq ft (21,00 m2).


NIEUPORT Monocoque France

   In parallel with the Clerget 11E-engined prototype, Nieuport produced the company’s first monocoque fighter, this being reported to be ready for testing on 1 December 1917. With an appearance suggesting a close relationship with the Nie 28, this prototype was powered by a 165 hp Gnome Monosoupape 9N rotary engine enclosed by a bulbous cowling and carried an armament of a single 7,7-mm Vickers gun to port of the tandem faired centreline struts forming the cabane. The wooden monocoque fuselage was characterised by extremely clean lines and the tail surfaces were of basically similar geometry to that adopted for the later Nie 29. The monocoque prototype had apparently been abandoned by April 1918, by which time a second aircraft had been tested with a 170 hp Le Rhone 9R. Performance was only marginally better than that of the Nie 28 and neither Monosoupape 9N or Le Rhone 9R was satisfactory. It is probably for these reasons that further development of the first Nieuport monocoque fighter was not pursued.

Max speed (Le Rhone), 123 mph (198 km/h) at 6,560 ft (2 000 m).
Time to 9,840 ft (3 000 m), 7.33 min.
Endurance, 2.25 hrs.
Loaded weight (Monosoupape), 1,411 lb (640 kg).


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The Nieuport series of sesquiplane fighters had been superseded in French service by the SPAD series of fighters. Attempts to enhance the Nieuport designs by redesigning the airframe, fitting more powerful engines, or even changing to a new wing had proved unsuccessful and the SPAD firm's dominance had continued unabated. It was inevitable, then, that the Nieuport firm would at last switch to a conventional biplane with parallel interplane struts. The major deficiency of the sesquiplanes had been low speed and poor climbing ability. An increase in wing area and a more powerful engine was required to correct these defects. Furthermore, shortcomings in the design of the lower wing had resulted in those of the Nieuport 23 ripping off in flight. A new wing had been tried on a Nieuport 27 (possibly in preparation for a similar wing on the Nieuport 28) that had two spars and a wider chord.
   The prototype Nieuport 28 had a wire-braced four-longeron fuselage made of wood that was significantly longer than that of the Nieuport 27. The fuselage was also completely rounded; the flat cross section of the fuselage bottom that had been used on the earlier Nieuports was replaced by a completely circular layout. The area from behind the cockpit to the cowling was covered with tulip wood strips rather than metal as on earlier Nieuport designs. The area from the rear of the cowling to the rear of the fuselage was covered by plywood as, apparently, were the tail surfaces. The wings had a wooden framework and two spars, and were covered with fabric. The two pine spars were fitted with wire-braced wooden ribs. The leading edges were covered with plywood veneer. The interplane struts and center section struts were also of wood. The chord of both wings was almost equal; the lower wing was still slightly smaller than the upper. The wing tips were elliptical, and there was no dihedral on the bottom wing. Ailerons were fitted to the lower wing only. The top wing was fitted at the eye level of the pilot. The interplane struts formed a single box-like structure eliminating the need for incidence or stagger wires. The tail was also made of wood and covered with fabric. The undercarriage was of aluminum tube with streamlined fairings and rubber cord shock absorbers. As with the Nieuport 27, the tail skid was internally sprung. Armament consisted of one Vickers 0.303 machine gun mounted to port. The engine was a 160-hp Gnome Monosoupape 9Nc rotary.
   The prototype flew in June 1917. The upper wing (with dihedral) was not successful, possibly because the low-set wing inhibited fitting of a second machine gun, and two other configurations were tried. At least two aircraft with full dihedral (N4434 and N6125) were built and flown. Another version was built featuring an upper wing with a slight dihedral of 1.5 degrees. The latter version was to be the only one of the three types to be produced in series.
   Production aircraft were fitted with two Vickers 0.303" machine guns, one mounted offset to port on the top of the fuselage, the other was attached to a shelf below the port center-section struts. Aside from the reduced dihedral of the upper wing and the twin-gun armament, the production Nieuport 28 seems to have been identical to the prototype. The aircraft was maneuverable and had a rapid climb rate. However, production aircraft were not popular and have been described as tending to shed fabric from the wings when they were steeply dived. Perhaps for these reasons the Nieuport 28 was not selected for production by the STAe. It is interesting to note that all the aircraft designed to fit the C1 specification that used the Gnome 9Nc rotary were also unsuccessful. Of these aircraft (SPAD 15, Morane-Saulnier 27 and 29, and Courtois-Suffit-Lescop), only the Morane-Saulnier designs entered production. These were quickly withdrawn from service, apparently because the Gnome engine was particularly prone to catch fire. In fact, it was reported that earlier versions of the Nieuport 28 were also prone to catch fire because leakage of fuel fumes from the engine would result in fires. Modifications to the exhaust system and engine cowling corrected the problem.
   Fortunately for Nieuport, there was still a pressing need for new fighters and the SPAD firm was having difficulties meeting its production goals for the SPAD 13. Also, the entry of the Americans into the conflict meant they would need new aircraft. As the French wished to retain the SPAD 13s for their own escadrilles, it was decided that the Nieuport firm would produce the Nieuport 28 for use by the American air service. A total of 297 were ordered by the A.E.F. Air Service. As mentioned above, the Nieuport 28 was unpopular and was also clearly inferior to the Fokker D.VII . It was retired from front-line service within four months and replaced in A.E.F. service by SPAD 13s.
  
United States
  
   The Air Service of the American Expeditionary Force was in desperate need of fighters and was willing to accept any aircraft, even the Nieuport 28, which had been rejected by the Aviation Militaire. A total of 297 aircraft were delivered to the Americans. Only four units used the Nieuport 28: the 27th, 94th, 95th, and 147th Aero Squadrons.
   The 27th Aero Squadron was based at Tours in March 1918. As part of the First Pursuit Group, it participated in the battles in the Toul and Aisne-Marne sectors.
   The 94th Aero Squadron received 22 Nieuport 28s between 15 and 21 March 1918. it provided air cover for the 8th C.A. from St. Mihiel to Pont-a-Mousson. By the end of June the 94th had given up its Nieuport 28s for SPAD 7s and 13s. The unit had 18 confirmed victories while flying Nieuport 28s.
   The 95th Aero Squadron was based at Issoudun on 16 November 1917. It was particularly active over the Toul sector. By July 1918 the unit had re-equipped with SPAD 13s.
   The 147th Aero Squadron was assigned to the 1st Pursuit Group and was based at Tours in March. ft was active over the 6th and 8th C.A. sectors. In June the squadron supported the American 1st Army and was based at Toul.
   The Nieuport 28s were not well-liked by all the American pilots, but some men achieved good results with the type. Although the aircraft was quite maneuverable, its engine was prone to catching fire due to leaks in the fuel system. These leaks appear to have been caused by vibration. it was also discovered that the Nieuport 28s had a tendency to shed the wing fabric covering the leading edge. There was also a shortage of machine guns which meant that many aircraft were armed with only a single weapon. Although attempts were made to rectify these problems, it was soon decided to replace the Nieuport 28s with other types of fighters. By July most of the Nieuport 28s were relegated to training units.
   Postwar, approximately 50 Nieuport 28s were returned to the United States. Most were used by the Army Air Service as trainers. Twelve aircraft went to the United States Navy and were given serial numbers A 5794-A 5805. These aircraft were reportedly flown off platforms fitted to the forward turrets of battleships and were also used to practice formation flying and combat techniques. These Nieuports constituted Combat Squadron Three, which in 1920 was the only fully-armed fighter squadron in the United States Navy. Some of these aircraft were later used as racers.
  
  
Nieuport 28 Single-Seat Fighter with 160-hp Gnome Monosoupape 9Nc
  
   Span 8.16 m
   Length 6.40 m
   Height 2.50 m
   Wing area 16.00 sq. m
   Empty weight 456 kg
   Loaded weight 698 kg
   Max speed 198 km/h at 2,000 m
   Climb to 2,000 m in 5.5 minutes
   Ceiling 5,180 m
   Range 400 km
   Endurance 1 hour 30 minutes
   Armament Two 0.303-inch Vickers machine guns
   Production run Approximately 310 built
  
  
Nieuport 28 Experimental Fighter with 200-hp Clerget 11E
  
   Wing area 21.00 square meters
   Empty weight 530 kg
   Loaded weight 850 kg
   Max speed 200 km/h at 4,000 m
   climb to 4,000 m in 12 minutes
   Endurance 2.5 hours
  
  
Nieuport 28 Monocoque
  
   Loaded weight 640 kg
   Max speed 198 km/h at 2,000 m
   climb to 3,000 m in 7.33 minutes
   Endurance 2.25 hours

А.Шепс - Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты
Истребитель "Ньюпор-28 C1" французских ВВС (1918г.)
В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
Ньюпор 28, 94-й авиадивизион AEF, пилот - майор Дж.У.Хаффер, май 1918г.
В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
"Ньюпор-28" из 94-го дивизиона американских экспедиционных воздушных сил в Европе, северная Франция, 1918г.
А.Шепс - Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты
"Ньюпор-28 C1" 94-й эскадрильи американского экспедиционного корпуса (1918г.)
В.Обухович, А.Никифоров - Самолеты Первой Мировой войны
Ньюпор 28
W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters
One of 14 Nie 28s procured for tuitional tasks by the Swiss Fliegertruppe and used in 1923-30.
В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
Первый прототип "Ньюпора-28" на испытаниях. На межкрыльевых стойках укреплена трубка ПВД.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Unnumbered prototype that had no dihedral
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Unnumbered prototype
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
A refined development of the Nieuport 28 existed in prototype form
The Nieuport monocoque fighter was tested early in 1918, but had been abandoned by April.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters
The Clerget 11E-powered Nieuport fighter that was under test in France late in 1917.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Sometimes mistaken, even by French writers, for the Nieuport 28, this later development of November/December 1917 had the 200 hp Clerget 11E engine
W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters
The "diedre total' prototype of the Nie 28 with pronounced dihedral and abbreviated cabane.
H.Cowin - Aviation Pioneers /Osprey/
First flown on 14 June 1917, the Nieuport Ni 28 fighter abandoned the characteristic Nieuport 'V' interplane strut in favour of the conventional twin strut arrangement. It was during the somewhat protracted development of the Ni 28, that the French authorities elected to standardise on the SPAD S XIII. Meanwhile, Nieuport were clearly less than happy with the design, having to produce four versions of the machine prior to its initial deliveries with the American Expeditionary Forces 27th, 94th, 95th and 147th Aero Squadrons in March 1918. Powered by a 160hp Gnome Monosoupape, the single seater had a top level speed of 123mph at 6,560 feet, along with the ability to reach 10.000 feet in 10 minutes 18 seconds. Armed with two .303-inch Vickers guns, the Ni 28 was fast and agile, but soon gained a dubious reputation for shedding upper wing leading edge fabric and, occasionally the whole upper wing, when dived too steeply. Although this problem had been remedied by July 1918, the Americans, like the French, had by then re-equipped with SPAD S XIIIs. In all the Americans ordered 297 Ni 28s. Seen here is one of the development machines with dihedral on the upper wings only and smaller than the definitive gap between top wing and fuselage.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
At least two aircraft were built with diedre total (full dihedral) on the upper wing. One of these bore the SFA serial number N4434
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
The other Nieuport 28 known to have the diedre total wing configuration was N6125
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
G.Swanborough, P.Bowers - United States Military Aircraft since 1909 /Putnam/
The "demi-diedre" production Nie 28 with 1.5-deg dihedral and deeper cabane.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
1/Lt. James Meissner's Nieuport N6144 following the incident in which its upper wing fabric tore away on May 2 1918
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
The sober looking 1/Lt. James Meissner stands beside N6144 after losing upper wing fabric on May 2 1918
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
1/Lt. William J Hoover and his ground crew stand before N6157, his Nieuport of the 27th Aero Sqdn.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Members of the 27th Aero Sqdn. gather behind Hoover's Nieuport N6157
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Rickenbacker's 'White 12', the serial N6159
H.Cowin - Aviation Pioneers /Osprey/
Edward Vernon Rickenbacker was born in Columbus, Ohio, of poor Swiss immigrant parents, on 8 October 1890. 'Eddy', as he was almost universally known, had his education cut short at the age of twelve, when the death of his father forced him to become the family breadwinner. 'Eddy' worked at a number of mundane jobs, until, at eighteen, he joined a car sales and service company. Here he rose rapidly from drip tray cleaner to racing driver. At the age of twenty, 'Eddy' Rickenbacker, driving a Blitzen-Benz, set a new land speed record of 134mph. A year on and he was driving in the first of the famed Indianappolis-500 races. When America entered the war in April 1917, 'Eddy' joined the US Army, becoming personal driver to General Pershing, the US Army commander in France. It was here that 'Eddy' met Brigadier General 'Billy' Mitchell. As a reward for repairing his Mercedes, Mitchell arranged for 'Eddy' to enter flying training at one of the US-operated French military flying schools in August 1917. Now a pilot and with a commission, he joined the newly formed 94th Aero Squadron on 4 March 1918. Flying Nieuport 28s at the time he joined it, as seen here, the unit was soon to exchange its Nieuports for SPAD S XIIIs. Rickenbacker's first confirmed 'kill' was when he downed a Pfalz D III on 29 April 1918. By the time of the Armistice, a little over six months later, Captain 'Eddy' was America's leading air ace with a confirmed 26 victories. After a series of business triumphs and tragedies during the l920s, 'Eddy' Rickenbacker's fortunes steadied, with him becoming first General Manager, later Chairman of Eastern Air Lines. During a World War II tour of the Pacific area, 'Captain Eddy' had the misfortune to have to spend some days in a dinghy, prior to rescue, after the aircraft he was flying in was forced to crash land at sea. 'Eddy' Rickenbacker finally died of old age on 27 July 1973.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
1/Lts. Eddie Rickenbacker, Douglas Campbell and 1/Lt. Kenneth Marr before a white-cowled Nieuport 28 of Rickenbacker's flight which may well be his own N6154
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Captain Kenneth Marr beside Rickenbacker's Nieuport N6159
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
2/Lt. Alan Winslow stands beside John Wentworth's Nieuport N6168
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
1/Lt. Thorne C Taylor in N6180
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Nieuport 28 N6168, undergoes engine maintenance at Gengoult in May 1918
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
1/Lt. William F Loomis' N6181 of the 94th Aero Sqdn.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Major G Raoul Lufbery beside his Nieuport N6193
Журнал - Flight за 1918 г.
Major Raoul Lufberry, the American "Ace" of the American Expeditionary Force in France, who was shot down on May 19th at the American front, and his plane.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Nieuport 28 6212, the former mount of 2/Lt. James F Ashenden, 147th Aero Squadron, USAS
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
'Pip' Porter's Nieuport N6250 after being flown and crash-landed - by 1/Lt. Abernethy
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Nieuport N6250 undergoing repairs
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Nieuport N6250 undergoing repairs
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Nieuport 28 N6254 being painted in the markings of the 147th Aero Squadron
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
1/Lt. Kenneth W Porter beside Nieuport 28 N6256 of the 147th Aero Squadron
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Nieuport 28s of the 27th Aero Sqdn., USAS
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Members of the 27th Aero Sqdn. beside Nieuport 28 No.2, assigned to 1/Lt. Leo H Dawson at Toul in early June 1918
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
27th Aero Squadron's 'A' Flight at Saints aerodrome, August 1 1918, abount 25 minutes before the patrol in which six members of the squadron were lost
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Nieuport of the 95th Aero Sqdn.
Журнал - Flight за 1918 г.
Предполетная проверка двигателей на "ньюпорах-28" 95-го американского дивизиона, Франция, 1918 г.
WITH THE U.S. ARMY. - Waiting for an "Alert."
K.Delve - World War One in the Air /Crowood/
Captain David Peterson with his Nieuport 28 of the 103rd Squadron.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
1/Lt. Edward Buford, Jr. stands before a Nieuport 28 of the 95th Aero Squadron
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
1/Lt. Johm Hambleton stands before his Nieuport of 95th Aero Sqdn's. 'C' Flight
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
1/Lt. James C Knowels stands before his Nieuport of 'A' Flight, 95th Aero Sqdn.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
2/Lt. William E Brotherton beside a Nieuport 28 of the 147th Aero Sqdn.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
1/Lt. George A S Robertson of the 147th Aero Squadron and his damaged Nieuport, N6232
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Lt. C A McElvain (second from right) with his mechanics and Nieuport 28
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
The rat terrier emblem of the 147th Aero
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Gnome Monosoupape engine of a Swiss Nieuport 28
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
A Nieuport 28 (or in French designation, XXVIIIC.1) fuselage is shown here without armament. In March, because guns had not yes supplied, the 95th and 94th Squadron pilots went over the lines in limited sorties near Villeneuve
G.Swanborough, P.Bowers - United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 /Putnam/
A 1920 photo of a Nieuport 28 with British Grain flotation gear installed.
В.Обухович, А.Никифоров - Самолеты Первой Мировой войны
В.Обухович, А.Никифоров - Самолеты Первой Мировой войны
В.Обухович, А.Никифоров - Самолеты Первой Мировой войны
W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters
The " demi-diedre" production Nie 28 with 1.5-deg dihedral and deeper cabane.
В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
Nieuport 28